摘 要：针对客车前后围骨架焊接工装存在的定位精度低、改制效率低与成本高等问题，本文提出一种基于高精度通用基体平台的组合式焊接工装优化方案。该方案采用孔系定位与传统榫卯结构相结合的模块化设计，利用带钢珠的快速锁紧销实现定位模块与基体平台之间的快速装拆，并配备可调节压紧装置以控制焊接变形，从而有效提升了工装的定位精度与改制效率，并降低了制作成本。
关键词：前后围骨架工装；孔系定位；榫卯结构；工装精度
中图分类号：U468.2+1 文献标志码：A DOI：10.15917/j.cnki.1006-3331.2026.01.012
Design and Application of Tooling Fixtures for Front and Rear Framework of Bus Body
ZENG Penghui,WANG Fei,WANG Ya,LU Caixin,HU Zhiyong
Abstract: To address the issues of low positioning accuracy,low modification efficiency,and high cost in the welding fixtures for the front and rear skeletons of buses,this paper proposes an optimized modular welding fixture scheme based on a high-precision universal base platform.The scheme combines a hole-based positioning system with traditional mortise and tenon joints,employs quick-lock pins with steel balls for rap-id assembly and disassembly of positioning modules on the base platform,and incorporates adjustable clam-ping devices to control welding deformation.This approach effectively improves positioning accuracy,enhances modification efficiency,and reduces manufacturing costs.
Key words: front and rear framework tooling; hole-based positioning; mortise and tenon joint; tooling accuracy
