摘 要：本文通过表面加热触发方式，对比研究了锂离子与钠离子电池的热失控行为特征。试验结果表明，两类电池均呈现典型的四阶段热失控发展过程，但在关键热参数与反应行为上存在显著差异。锂离子电池表现出较为温和、可控的热失控特性，而钠离子电池虽具有更高的初始热触发阈值，其热失控过程却更为剧烈，伴随明显的燃烧及复燃现象。上述结果为锂离子与钠离子电池体系的热安全设计与工程防控提供了重要的试验依据与理论支撑。
关键词：钠离子电池；锂离子电池；热失控；表面加热；热管理
中图分类号：TM911 文献标志码：A DOI：10.15917/j.cnki.1006-3331.2026.04.005
Research on Thermal Runaway Behavior of Lithium-ion and Sodium-ion Batteries Triggered by Surface Heating
SHEN Dongxin,ZHONG Xiongwu,LI Jun,ZHANG Biao,XIANG Nanxin
Abstract: The authors conducted a comparative investigation of the thermal-runaway characteristics of lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries by triggering thermal runaway through surface heating.The experimental results show that both types of batteries exhibit a typical four-stage thermal runaway evolution process but differ significantly in key thermal parameters and reaction behaviors.Lithium-ion batteries display relatively mild and controllable thermal runaway characteristics,whereas sodium-ion batteries,while having a higher initial thermal trigger threshold,undergo a more violent thermal runaway process accompanied by obvious combustion and re-ignition phenomena.These findings provide important experimental evidence and theoretical support for the thermal safety design and engineering prevention of lithium-ion and sodium-ion battery systems.
Key words: sodium-ion battery; lithium-ion battery; thermal runaway; surface heating; thermal management
