摘 要：为应对电动汽车整车控制器(VCU)软件开发中复杂度激增与功能安全要求严苛的双重挑战，本文构建了一套融合汽车开放系统架构(AUTOSAR)、基于模型设计(MBD)方法与ISO 26262功能安全标准的系统性开发与验证方案。通过建立涵盖系统架构、软硬件协同设计及测试验证的多维分析框架，并结合量产实践，深入阐述了VCU的七大核心功能模块及其协同控制策略。研究表明，该多层级测试验证体系能够显著提升VCU的开发效率与质量，从而为应对“软件定义汽车”趋势下的技术挑战提供了清晰的发展路径。
关键词：VCU；系统架构；控制策略；AUTOSAR；MBD；功能安全；HIL
中图分类号：U469.72 文献标志码：A DOI：10.15917/j.cnki.1006-3331.2026.02.002
Study on the Development of Vehicle Control Unit for Electric Vehicles
WEI Mingzhang,LIAO Ping
Abstract: To address the dual challenges of escalating software complexity and stringent functional safety requirements in electric vehicle VCU software development,this paper constructs a systematic development and verification solution that integrates the AUTOSAR,the MBD methodology,and the ISO 26262 functional safety standard.By establishing a multi-dimensional analysis framework that encompasses system architecture,software-hardware co-design,and test verification,and by incorporating mass production practices,this study elaborates on the seven core functional modules of the VCU and their cooperative control strategies.The study demonstrates that this multi-level test and verification system significantly enhances the efficiency and quality of VCU development,thereby offering a clear development pathway to address the technical challenges in the"software-defined vehicle"era.
Key words: VCU; system architecture; control strategy; AUTOSAR; MBD; functional safety; HIL
