摘 要：电动客车动力电池热失控引发的火灾事故严重威胁公共安全。本文通过分析动力电池热失控演化机理，建立基于多物理场耦合的故障树模型，提出基于信号特征的电池安全预警方法。该方法涵盖早期监测参数优化及多级预警联动的综合防控体系。实际应用表明，三级预警体系可实现风险分级处置，在潜在故障发展为热失控前完成维修干预，避免热失控发生，误报率小于0.8%,为电动客车安全运行提供技术支撑。
关键词：电动客车；热失控；致灾机理；多级预警系统
中图分类号：U469.72；TM912 文献标志码：A DOI：10.15917/j.cnki.1006-3331.2025.05.001
Research on Thermal Runaway Early Warning Technology for Power Battery Systems in Electric Buses
LI Wei
Abstract: Fire accidents caused by thermal runaway in power batteries of electric buses pose a severe threat to public safety.This paper analyzes the evolutionary mechanism of thermal runaway,establishes a fault tree model based on multi-physics coupling,and proposes a battery safety early warning method using characteristic signal analysis.The method encompasses a comprehensive prevention and control system,incorporating optimized early monitoring parameters and a multi-level early warning linkage mechanism.Practical applications demonstrate that the three-tier early warning system enables hierarchical risk management,allowing timely maintenance interventions before potential failures escalate into thermal runaway.This method effectively prevents thermal runaway incidents,with a false alarm rate of less than 0.8%,providing critical technical support for ensuring the safe operation of electric buses.
Key words: electric bus; thermal runaway; disaster mechanism; multi-level early warning system
