摘 要：客车骨架是保证车辆运行品质和安全性能的重要载体，骨架焊接质量直接影响客车的制造效率和质量。本文针对客车骨架焊接收缩变形超限问题，采用试验与仿真相结合的方法，测量接头和分片结构的焊接收缩变形数据，建立数值仿真模型，分析温度场、应力场及应变场的演变规律，揭示焊接收缩变形机理，为客车制造的高质量和高效率提供理论支持。
关键词：客车骨架；焊接变形；收缩变形；数值仿真
中图分类号：U463.82；TG404 文献标志码：A DOI：10.15917/j.cnki.1006-3331.2025.05.006
Study on Welding Shrinkage Deformation Mechanism of Bus Frame Based on Numerical Simulation
CHENG Jian,YIN Zhanghao,ZHU Guang,YANG Shisen,JIANG Zhigang
Abstract: The bus frame is essential for ensuring vehicle running quality and safety performance.The welding quality of the frame directly impacts both the manufacturing efficiency and product quality of buses.Aiming at the problem of excessive welding shrinkage deformation of bus frame,this paper adopts the method of combining experiment and simulation to measure the welding shrinkage deformation data of joint and fragment structure,establish a numerical simulation model,analyze the evolution law of temperature field,stress field and strain field,reveal the welding shrinkage deformation mechanism,and provide theoretical support for high quality and high efficiency of bus manufacturing.
Key words: bus frame; welding deformation; shrinkage deformation; numerical simulation
