摘 要：本文以电动汽车用能量型磷酸铁锂动力电池为研究对象，在25 ℃下开展 0. 3 ~ 1. 5 C不同倍率充放电测试，分析充电倍率对容量、能量、效率、温升等性能的影响；并在-30 ~ 45 ℃ 环境温度范围内研究温度对电池性能的影响规律。试验结果表明：充电倍率为1 C 时，电池在充电时间、可充入容量及温升控制方面表现最优；温度在 20~25 ℃区间时，电池在容量、能量及一致性方面表现最佳。研究结果可为电动汽车充电策略制定、电池舱热管理设计及磷酸铁锂电池性能评估提供数据参考。
关键词：磷酸铁锂；充电倍率；温度；容量；能量；一致性
中图分类号：TM912 文献标志码：A DOI：10. 15917 / j. cnki. 1006-3331. 2026. 05. 007
Experimental Study on the Effects of Charging Rate and Temperature on Power Battery Performance
HUANG Yishan, CHEN Xiqing, CHEN Yingying, HE Shengjun, LI Min
Abstract: This paper examines energy-type lithium iron phosphate power batteries for electric vehicles. It conducts charge-discharge tests at 25 ℃ at rates ranging from 0. 3 C to 1. 5 C to analyze the effects of charging rate on capacity, energy, efficiency, temperature rise, and other performance indicators. It also investigates how temperature affects battery performance over an ambient temperature range of -30 ℃ to 45 ℃ . The results show that, at a charging rate of 1 C, the battery achieves the best overall performance in terms of charging time, chargeable capacity, and temperature rise control; when the battery temperature is in the range of 20 ℃ to 25 ℃ , the battery performs best in terms of capacity, energy, and consistency. These findings provide reference data for formulating charging strategies, designing battery compartment thermal management, and evaluating the performance of lithium iron phosphate batteries in electric vehicles.
Key words: lithium iron phosphate; charging rate; temperature; capacity; energy; consistency
