摘 要：随着电动汽车的普及，动力锂电池自身的安全性变得愈加重要。本文在分析当前电动汽车动力锂电池起火原因的基础上，结合现有关于动力电池热失控防控的研究，提出了一种适用于三元锂电池和磷酸铁锂电池的安全防控系统架构及其控制策略。该策略旨在主动预防热失控并在热失控引发起火后实施快速抑制。测试结果表明，该装置可有效维持电池箱内部的低氧环境，抑制热失控后泄漏气体的燃烧，显著提升了三元锂电池和磷酸铁锂电池的使用安全性。
关键词：电动汽车；三元锂电池；磷酸铁锂电池；热失控；安全防控
中图分类号：U469.72；TM912 文献标志码：A DOI：10.15917/j.cnki.1006-3331.2026.04.006
Design of a Safety Prevention and Control System for EV Power Lithium-ion Batteries
ZHOU Hang, LEI Jianxin, ZHONG Xinhao, XIAO Ye, WANG Fan
Abstract: With the growing popularity of electric vehicles,the safety of lithium-ion batteries is becoming increasingly important.Based on the analysis of the current causes of fires in power lithium-ion batteries used in electric vehicles,and in combination with existing research on thermal runaway prevention and control of power batteries,this paper proposes a safety prevention and control system architecture and its control strategy that apply to both ternary lithium-ion batteries and LiFePO4 batteries.The strategy aims to prevent thermal runaway and rapidly suppress any consequent fire proactively.The test results show that the device can effectively maintain a low-oxygen environment inside the battery box,suppress combustion of leaked gas following thermal runaway,and significantly enhance the operational safety of both ternary lithium-ion and LiFePO4 batteries.
Key words: electric vehicle; ternary lithium-ion battery; LiFePO4 battery; thermal runaway; safety prevention and control
