摘 要：本文基于能量守恒原理，将客车正碰波形转换为等效双线性波形后验证其有效性。首先通过优化分析，获得WIC最大值和最小值的波形区间；其次进行概念设计和子模型验证；最后进行整车碰撞试验。试验结果表明：采用等效双线性波形不仅能大幅减少设计变量从而提升优化效率，还能明确客车前部结构的耐撞性设计和改进方向，有利于车辆安全性的正向设计，具有较强的工程实用性和行业参考性。
关键词：等效双线性波形；优化分析；客车前部结构；耐撞性设计
中图分类号：U461.91 文献标志码：A DOI：10.15917/j.cnki.1006-3331.2026.03.009
Crashworthiness Design and Implementation of Coach Front Structure Based on Equivalent Bilinear Waveform
LU Linzhao, CHEN Liang, YE Songkui
Abstract: Based on the principle of energy conservation,this paper converts the frontal collision waveform of a coach into an equivalent bilinear waveform and then verifies its effectiveness.Firstly,it determines the waveform range of WIC's maximum and minimum values through optimization analysis.Secondly,it carries out conceptual design and sub-model verification.Finally,it conducts the full-vehicle collision test.The test results show that adopting an equivalent bilinear waveform can significantly reduce the number of design variables,thereby improving optimization efficiency and clarifying the crash worthiness design and improvement direction of the coach's front structure.It is conducive to the forward design of vehicle safety and has strong engineering practicability and industry reference value.
Key words: equivalent bilinear waveform; optimization analysis; front structure of coach; crashworthiness design
