摘 要：针对某型燃油客车在1200~1500 r/min加速区间驾驶区存在异常轰鸣声问题，本文采用“问题定位-路径排查-根源分析一优化验证”的系统方法进行研究。通过多工况噪声测试、频谱分析、频率响应函数(FRF)测试及模态测试，确定轰鸣的根源为变速箱一缓速器组合体的局部弹性模态(70~130 Hz)与车辆钣金件模态发生耦合共振，进而产生混响噪声。据此提出壳体加强型变速箱优化方案。实车验证表明，优化后车辆在3、4、5挡加速时，车内噪声分别平均降低3.1 dB(A)、2.5 dB(A)、2.5 dB(A)，主观舒适度显著提升。研究结果表明，对动力总成组合部件的弹性模态进行优化，是解决此类宽频耦合型加速轰鸣声的有效途径，可为同类客车的噪声控制提供技术参考。
关键词：燃油客车；轰鸣声；噪声频谱；弹性模态
中图分类号：U467.4+93 文献标志码：A DOI：10.15917/j.cnki.1006-3331.2026.02.011
Study on Diagnosis and Optimization of Interior Booming Noise During Acceleration for a Bus
SHE Yicai,MA Shuaiwei,FANG Jian
Abstract: To address the abnormal booming noise in the driver’s area of a specific fuel bus during acceleration in the 1200~1500 r/min range,this paper adopts a systematic research method of“problem identification—path investigation—root cause analysis—optimization verification.”Through multi-condition noise testing,spectrum analysis,Frequency Response Function(FRF)testing,and modal testing,this study confirms that the booming noise is caused by the coupled resonance between the local elastic mode(70~130Hz)of the transmission-retarder assembly and the modes of the vehicle's sheet metal parts,which intensifies the interior reverberant noise.Based on these findings,this paper proposes an optimized transmission with a reinforced housing.The real vehicle verification shows that after optimization,the interior noise during acceleration in 3rd,4th,and 5th gears decreases by an average of 3.1 dB(A),2.5 dB(A),and 2.5dB(A),respectively,and subjective riding comfort improves significantly.The study results indicate that optimizing the elastic modes of powertrain assembly components is an effective means to solve this type of broadband coupled acceleration booming problem,providing a technical reference for noise control in similar buses.
Key words: fuel-powered bus; booming noise; noise spectrum; elastic modes
