摘 要：针对电动客车热管理系统在节能和舒适性调节方面的不足，本文以某款城市客车为研究对象，构建了客车车厢能耗模型，用于预测车厢热载荷，为后续热管理系统的优化和乘客舒适性提供支持。通过热平衡法，系统分析了影响车厢能耗的主要因素，并建立了车外气象参数模型、围护结构及车窗传热模型、车内空气热平衡模型。在MATLAB/Simulink平台上进行建模与仿真，采用牛顿-拉弗森法求解热平衡方程，获得了不同时刻的车厢能耗数据和内壁面温度。研究结果不仅为空调系统设计提供了指导，也为车厢热舒适性研究及热管理系统优化控制奠定了理论基础。
关键词：电动客车；车厢能耗模型；热平衡法；牛顿-拉弗森法
中图分类号：U469.7；TK124 文献标志码：A DOI：10.15917/j.cnki.1006-3331.2025.06.002
Research on Thermal Balance-based Energy Consumption Model for Electric Bus Cabins
BAI Junming,ZHENG Yonggui,LIU Zhen,CAO Hao
Abstract: To address the shortcomings of current thermal management systems in energy conservation and comfort regulation,this paper takes a specific city bus model as the research subject and develops a cabin energy consumption model.The model predicts the thermal load of the compartment to provide support for optimizing the thermal management system and thermal comfort.Through the thermal balance method,this paper systematically analyzes the key factors influencing the compartment's energy consumption and establishes external meteorological parameters models,enclosure structures and window heat transfer models,and the internal air thermal balance of the compartment models.The research employs MATLAB/Simulink for modeling and simulation and uses the Newton-Raphson method to solve the thermal balance equations,thereby obtaining compartment energy consumption data and interior wall surface temperatures at different times.The results not only guide air conditioning system design but also provide a theoretical foundation for future research on cabin thermal comfort regulation and optimization control of the thermal management system.
Key words: electric bus; cabin energy consumption model; thermal balance method; Newton-Raphsonmethod
